We propose a quantitative measurement technique of video forgery that eliminates the decision burden of subtle boundary between normal and tampered patterns. We also propose the automatic adjustment scheme of spatial and temporal target zones, which maximizes the abnormality measurement of forged videos. Evaluation shows that the proposed scheme provides manifest detection capability against both inter-frame and intra-frame forgeries.

This letter proposes a fast IP address lookup algorithm based on search space reduction. Prefixes are classified into three types according to the nesting relationship and a large forwarding table is partitioned into multiple small trees. As a result, the search space is reduced. The results of analyses and experiments show that the proposed method offers higher lookup and updating speeds along with reduced memory requirements.

A digital power amplifier is combined with an analog power amplifier via a new ripple feedback filter for high power audio amplifier. Both high fidelity and high efficiency are achieved owing to the proposed filter in combination with a dynamic control of switching frequency. A prototype having a rated power of 2 kW is built for live concert use and tested successfully.

This letter presents a synchronizer and its handshake interface for bridging clock domains in SoC. The proposed scheme uses a double two-flop synchronizer operated at different clock edges respectively, based on a two-phase handshake protocol. Performance analysis shows that the proposed design reduces latency up to a clock cycle, while retaining its safety to a tolerable level.

This letter proposes a wakeup-on-demand scheme based on the idea that a device should be awakened just when it has to receive a packet from a neighboring device. To prove this scheme, this letter proposes a mathematical model based on the busy cycle of M/G/1 queuing systems to obtain a battery lifetime of one-hop cluster-topology shaped W-WSN.

The comprehensibility of large and complex 3D models can be greatly enhanced by guiding viewer's attention to important regions. Lighting is crucial to our perception of shape. Careful use of lighting has been widely used in art, scientific illustration, and computer graphics to guide visual attention. In this paper, we explore how the saliency of 3D objects can be used to guide lighting to emphasize important regions and suppress less important ones.

Recently proposed coded bi-directional relaying protocols increase the spectral efficiency by using network codes, which rely on joint packet encoding and exploitation of previously transmitted and stored information. In this letter, we derive the cumulative density function (CDF) and the probability density function (PDF) of received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for two-phase and three-phase bi-directional coded relaying protocols, respectively, over Rayleigh fading channels. Using these results, we compare the outage performances as well as the average capacities of the protocols. From the numerical observations, we can see that the two-phase protocol has better link-level performances than the three-phase protocol when required data rate is greater than 2 for outate performance and transmit SNR at each node is greater than 18 dB for average capacity, respectively. Otherwise, the three-phase protocol performs better.

The aim of this letter is to guarantee the ability of low probability of intercept (LPI) and anti-jamming (AJ) by maximizing the energy efficiency (EE) to improve wireless communication survivability and sustain wireless communication in jamming environments. We studied a scenario based on one transceiver pair with a partial-band noise jammer in a Rician fading channel and proposed an EE optimization algorithm to solve the optimization problem. With the proposed EE optimization algorithm, the LPI and AJ can be simultaneously guaranteed while satisfying the constraint of the maximum signal-to-jamming-and-noise ratio and combinatorial subchannel allocation condition, respectively. The results of the simulation indicate that the proposed algorithm is more energy-efficient than those of the baseline schemes and guarantees the LPI and AJ performance in a jamming environment.

In this paper, we propose a two-step TDC with phase-interpolator and time amplifier to satisfy high resolution at 2.4 GHz input frequency by implementing delay time less than that of an inverter delay. The accuracy of phase-interpolator is improved for process variation using the resistor automatic-tuning circuit. The gain of time amplifier is improved using the delay time difference between two delay cells. It is implemented in a 0.13 µm CMOS process with a die area of 0.68 mm2. And the power consumption is 14.4 mW at a 1.2 V supply voltage. The resolution and input frequency of the TDC are 0.357 ps and 2.4 GHz, respectively.

The selection of effective features is especially important in achieving highly accurate speech recognition. Although the mel-cepstrum is a popular and effective feature for speech recognition, it is still unclear that the filterbank adopted in the mel-cepstrum always produces the optimal performance regardless of the phonetic environment of any specific speech recognition task. In this paper, we propose a new cepstral domain feature extraction approach utilizing the entropic distance-based filterbank for highly accurate speech recognition. Experimental results showed that the cepstral features employing the proposed filterbank reduce the relative error by 31% for clean as well as noisy speech compared to the mel-cepstral features.

In this paper, we develop asymptotic analysis and simulation models to better understand the characteristics of performance and energy consumption in a multi-core processor design in which dynamic voltage scaling is used. Our asymptotic model is derived using Amdahl's law, Rent's rule and power equations to derive the optimum number of cores and their voltage levels. Our model can predict the possible impact of different multi-core processor configurations on the performance and energy consumption for given workload characteristics (e.g. available parallelism) and process technology parameters (e.g. ratios of dynamic and static energies to total energy). Through the asymptotic analysis and optimization based on the models, we can observe an asymptotic relationship between design parameters such as "the number of cores," "core size" and "voltage scaling strategies" of a multi-core architecture with regards to performance and energy consumption at an initial phase of the design.

In dense femtocell networks (DFNs), one of the main issues is interference management since interference between femtocell access points (FAPs) reduces the system performance significantly. Further, FAPs serve different numbers of femtocell user equipments (FUEs), i.e., some FAPs have more than one FUE while others have one or no FUEs. Therefore, for DFNs, an intelligent channel assignment scheme is necessary considering both the number of FUEs connected to the same FAPs and interference mitigation to improve system performance. This paper proposes a two-stage dynamic channel assignment (TS-DCA) scheme for downlink DFNs based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access/frequency division duplex (OFDMA/FDD). In stage 1, using graph coloring algorithm, a femtocell gateway (FGW) first groups FUEs based on an interference graph that considers different numbers of FUEs per FAP. Then, in stage 2, the FGW dynamically assigns subchannels to FUE clusters according to the order of maximum capacity of FAP clusters. In addition, FAPs adaptively assign remaining subchannels in FUE clusters to their FUEs in other FUE clusters. Through simulations, we first find optimum parameters of the FUE clustering to maximize the system capacity and then evaluate system performance in terms of the mean FUE capacity, unsatisfied FUE probability, and mean FAP transmission energy consumption according to the different numbers of FUEs and FAPs with a given FUE traffic load.

We introduce an entropy coding method to enhance the compression efficiency of JPEG. Because run-length coding and early-termination work more effectively for longer zero sequences, we extract ones and negative ones from the coefficients and reduce the magnitude of all coefficients by one. The extracted coefficients are encoded with a designated entropy coding method. The proposed method can transmit images in two parts progressively, where the first contains JPEG-compatible image with a small amount of degradation and the second is used to add fine details. Our method improves the compression ratio by more than 5% without sacrificing the efficiency of JPEG.

A network of sensors can be used to obtain state based data from the area in which they are deployed. To reduce costs, the data sent via intermediate sensors to a sink are often aggregated. In this letter, we introduce Self-Construction of Aggregation Tree (SCAT) scheme which uses a novel data aggregation scheme utilizing the knowledge of the mobile node and the infrastructure (static node tree) in gathering the data from the mobile node. The static nodes can construct a near- optimal aggregation tree by themselves, using the knowledge of the mobile node, which is a process similar to forming the centralized aggregation tree.

In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative line-of-sight (LOS)/non-LOS channel identification algorithm with single node channel measurements based on time-of-arrival statistics. In order to improve the accuracy of channel identification, we adopt a recalibration interval in terms of measured distance to the proposed algorithm. Experimental results are presented in terms of identification probability and recalibration interval. The proposed algorithm involves a trade-off between the channel identification quality and the recalibration rate. However, depending on the recalibration interval, it is possible to greatly improve the sensitivity of the channel identification system.

A novel NiSi technology with bi-layer Co/TiN structure as a capping layer is proposed for the highly thermal immune Ni Silicide technology. Much better thermal immunity of Ni Silicide was certified up to 700, 30 min post silicidation furnace annealing by introducing Co/TiN bi-layer capping. The proposed structure is successfully applied to nano-scale CMOSFET with a gate length of 80 nm. The sheet resistance of nano-scale gate poly shows little degradation even after the high temperature furnace annealing of 650, 30 min. The Ni/Co/TiN structure is very promising for the nano-scale MOSFET technology which needs the ultra shallow junction and high temperature post silicidation processes

This letter proposes an improved timer-based location management scheme for packet-switched (PS) mobile communication systems. Compared to the conventional timer-based scheme with a single timer threshold, a new timer-based scheme with two timer thresholds is proposed to accommodate the bursty data traffic characteristics of PS service. The location update and paging costs of the proposed scheme are analyzed and compared with those of the conventional scheme. We show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme in terms of total cost of both location update and paging with an appropriate selection of timer thresholds.

We propose an energy-efficient real-time scheduling algorithm based on T-L Plane abstraction. The algorithm is designed to exploit Dynamic Power Management and generates a new event called event-s to render longer idle intervals, which increases the chances of switching a processor to the sleep mode. We compare the proposed algorithm with previous work and show that it is effective for energy management.

In this paper, we introduce a new technology to extract the unique features from an iris image, which uses scale-space filtering. Resulting iris code can be used to develop a system for rapid and automatic human identification with high reliability and confidence levels. First, an iris part is separated from the whole image and the radius and center of the iris are evaluated. Next, the regions that have a high possibility of being noise are discriminated and the features presented in the highly detailed pattern are then extracted. In order to conserve the original signal while minimizing the effect of noise, scale-space filtering is applied. Experiments are performed using a set of 272 iris images taken from 18 persons. Test results show that the iris feature patterns of different persons are clearly discriminated from those of the same person.

The noise robustness of an audio fingerprinting system is one of the most important issues in music information retrieval by the content-based audio identification technique. In a real environment, sound recordings are commonly distorted by channel and background noise. Recently, Philips published a robust and efficient audio fingerprinting system for audio identification. To extract a robust and efficient audio fingerprint, Philips applied the first derivative (differential) to the frequency-time sequence of the perceptual filter-bank energies. In practice, however, the noise robustness of Philips' audio fingerprinting scheme is still insufficient. In this paper, we introduce an extension method of the audio fingerprinting scheme for the enhancement of noise robustness. As an alternative to frequency filtering, a type of band-pass filter, instead of a high-pass filter, is used to achieve robustness to background noise in a real situation. Our experimental results show that the proposed filter improves the noise robustness in audio identification.